SquareA = s² P = 4ss = side
RectangleA = l × w P = 2(l + w)l = length, w = width
TriangleA = ½ × b × hb = base, h = height
Triangle (Heron)A = √(s(s−a)(s−b)(s−c))s = (a+b+c)/2
CircleA = πr² C = 2πrr = radius
TrapeziumA = ½(a + b) × ha, b = parallel sides
ParallelogramA = b × hb = base, h = height
RhombusA = ½ × d₁ × d₂d₁, d₂ = diagonals
CubeV = s³SA = 6s²s = side
CuboidV = lwhSA = 2(lw + lh + wh)l, w, h = edges
SphereV = ⁴⁄₃ πr³SA = 4πr²r = radius
CylinderV = πr²hCSA = 2πrhTSA = 2πr(r + h)r = radius, h = height
ConeV = ⅓πr²hCSA = πrlTSA = πr(r + l)CSA = curved only, excludes base;
l = √(r² + h²) = slant height
HemisphereV = ⅔πr³CSA = 2πr²TSA = 3πr²TSA includes the base circle; r = radius
